La victoire des talibans marquera-t-elle le début de la fin de l’empire occidental ?

Le simple fait de compter le coût de l’intervention occidentale en Afghanistan en vies militaires américaines ou britanniques constitue la preuve ultime que nous sommes une civilisation en décomposition

David Hearst

Partie 1

Lorsque les États-Unis ont envahi l’Afghanistan le 7 octobre 2001, la couverture du magazine Time proclamait : « Les derniers jours des talibans ».

C’est ainsi qu’a débuté ce que l’on a qualifié de « guerre contre le terrorisme », la quête néoconservatrice visant à remplacer la défunte Union soviétique par l’islam au rang de menace mondiale. En décembre de la même année, le Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies a créé la Force internationale d’assistance à la sécurité (FIAS) pour superviser les opérations militaires et former les Forces de sécurité nationale afghanes.

La guerre en Afghanistan a été perdue par une alliance occidentale hypertrophiée qui pensait pouvoir démolir les talibans et construire un nouveau pays à partir de rien

Depuis lors, plus de 2 000 milliards de dollars ont été dépensés. Dans la zone de guerre afghano-pakistanaise, environ 241 000 personnes ont perdu la vie, 2 448 soldats américains et 454 soldats britanniques ont été tués. Et vingt ans plus tard, les talibans ont repris le contrôle du pays.

En 2001, l’opium avait été presque complètement éradiqué, ne représentant que 84 000 hectares cultivés. En 2017, ce chiffre avait grimpé à 328 000 hectares. Après la guerre, l’opium constitue la principale activité économique du pays. L’un des premiers objectifs de l’effort de guerre américain était de former une armée afghane pour combattre les talibans. Les pertes et les désertions étaient telles que les Américains se sont retrouvés à devoir former des recrues qui représentaient au total un tiers des forces.

La corruption, pour laquelle Transparency International classe le pays au 165e rang parmi les 180 pays qu’elle surveille, a englouti des milliards de dollars d’aide économique, à travers la construction d’hôpitaux sans patients et d’écoles sans élèves. La pauvreté est omniprésente et les taux de mortalité restent parmi les plus élevés au monde.

Ainsi, affirmer que pendant les vingt ans d’occupation, « les États-Unis et leurs alliés ont supervisé les élections et mis en place les forces de sécurité afghanes, mais [que] les talibans ont continué de lancer des attaques », comme la BBC l’a affirmé la semaine dernière dans un article explicatif sur son site web, défie l’entendement et les procédures les plus élémentaires de fact-checking.

Source, liens:

https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/opinion-fr/afghanistan-victoire-talibans-debut-fin-empire-occidental

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