Ελλάδα: Οι τράπεζες προκάλεσαν την κρίση

Το χρέος που απαιτούν να πληρώσει η Ελλάδα είναι επονείδιστο - Η μελέτη αυτή αποδεικνύει ότι η ελληνική κρίση που ξέσπασε το 2010 προήλθε από τον ιδιωτικό τραπεζικό τομέα. Δεν είναι αποτέλεσμα υπέρμετρων δημόσιων δαπανών. Το υποτιθέμενο πρόγραμμα διάσωσης της Ελλάδας σχεδιάστηκε για να υπηρετήσει τα συμφέροντα των ιδιωτών τραπεζιτών καθώς και των χωρών που κυριαρχούν στην ευρωζώνη. Η υιοθέτηση του ευρώ από την Ελλάδα έπαιξε καίριο ρόλο μεταξύ των παραγόντων που συνέβαλαν στην κρίση. Η ανάλυση που περιέχεται σε αυτό το κείμενο παρουσιάστηκε στην Αθήνα, την 6η Δεκεμβρίου 2016, κατά την συνάντηση της Ελληνικής Επιτροπής Αλήθειας Δημόσιου Χρέους.

Eric Toussaint

Μέρος 3ο - Εξέλιξη των τραπεζών και χρηματιστικοποίηση της ελληνικής οικονομίας πριν από την είσοδο στην ευρωζώνη

Έως το 1998, 70% του ελληνικού τραπεζικού συστήματος ήταν δημόσιο. Οι πιστώσεις που χορηγούσαν οι τράπεζες εκπροσωπούσαν περί τα 80 δις € ενώ οι καταθέσεις εκπροσωπούσαν 85 δις €, σχέση που ήταν ένδειξη καλής υγείας (βλ. πιο κάτω).

Στη συνέχεια, η κατάσταση άλλαξε ριζικά. Κατά την περίοδο 1998-2000, οι δημόσιες τράπεζες πωλήθηκαν σε εξευτελιστικές τιμές στο ιδιωτικό κεφάλαιο και αναδύθηκαν τέσσερις μεγάλες τράπεζες που εκπροσωπούσαν το 65 % της τραπεζικής αγοράς: η Εθνική Τράπεζα της Ελλάδας, η Alpha Bank, η Eurobank και η Τράπεζα Πειραιώς. Από τις τέσσερις αυτές τράπεζες, η Εθνική Τράπεζα της Ελλάδας παρέμενε υπό έμμεσο έλεγχο του Κράτους.

Κατά την ίδια περίοδο, υπό την καθοδήγηση του σοσιαλιστή Κώστα Σημίτη, η τραπεζική απορρύθμιση ήταν σε πλήρη εξέλιξη, όπως και σε άλλα μέρη του κόσμου.

Υπενθυμίζουμε ότι το 1999 η δημοκρατική διοίκηση του Μπιλ Κλίντον κατάργησε τον νόμο Glass Steagal Act, που είχε καθιερώσει η διοίκηση Ρούζβελτ για να απαντήσει στην τραπεζική κρίση του 1933 στις ΗΠΑ. Η κατάργηση αυτή, που έθεσε τέλος στον διαχωρισμό μεταξύ τραπεζών καταθέσεων και επενδυτικών τραπεζών, επιτάχυνε την διαδικασία απορρύθμισης που οδήγησε στις κρίσεις του 2000-2001 και του 2007-2008.

Στην Ελλάδα, η κυβέρνηση στήριξε τις ιδιωτικές τράπεζες (που μείωσαν τα επιτόκια των καταθέσεων) με μια επιθετική επικοινωνιακή εκστρατεία με στόχο να παρακινήσει τα νοικοκυριά της μεσαίας τάξης, τις επιχειρήσεις καθώς και τα συνταξιοδοτικά ταμεία να επενδύσουν στο χρηματιστήριο.

Έτσι, η κυβέρνηση δεν φορολογούσε πλέον τις υπεραξίες των κινητών αξιών. Αυτή η οικονομία-καζίνο κατέληξε να δημιουργήσει μια χρηματιστηριακή φούσκα η οποία έσκασε το 2000, προκαλώντας δραματικές απώλειες στα νοικοκυριά, τις μικρομεσαίες επιχειρήσεις και το συνταξιοδοτικό σύστημα που είχαν επενδύσει σημαντικά ποσά.

Πρέπει επίσης να γνωρίζουμε ότι η χρηματιστηριακή φούσκα έδωσε την ευκαιρία στους πλούσιους επενδυτές να προχωρήσουν, ανενόχλητα, σε ξέπλυμα μαύρου χρήματος.

Πηγή και παραπομπές:

http://contra-xreos.gr/arthra/1162-2017-01-17-08-37-41.html

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