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Βενεζουέλα: Διαβολική επανάληψη της ιστορίας 120 χρόνια μετά

Ως «αδιόρθωτο» και «απαίσιο» περιγράφουν οι New York Times, η New York Herald και το Associated Press τον ηγέτη της Βενεζουέλας. Ο τελευταίος «απεχθάνεται τις πιο ιερές αξίες των πολιτισμένων εθνών», γράφουν τα δυτικά ΜΜΕ που υποστηρίζουν τον φιλελεύθερο «επαναστάτη», ο οποίος προσπαθεί να εξουδετερώσει τον «τύραννο». Ο τελευταίος είναι ο πλέον μισητός στον δυτικό κόσμο, το κράτος του, αν και πλούσιο σε πόρους, είναι υπερχρεωμένο, η διακυβέρνηση της χώρας διεκδικείται από έναν επαναστάτη που έχει συγκεντρώσει έναν στρατό και βαδίζει προς το Καράκας.

Βαγγέλης Γεωργίου

Μέρος 2ο - Ο Γκουαϊδό του 19ου αιώνα

Εσωτερικά, ο Κάστρο ήταν πράγματι αυταρχικός αλλά η αλήθεια όμως ήταν κάπως διαφορετική από αυτή που έδιναν οι αντίπαλοί του. Ο Antonio Matos ήταν ο πλουσιότερος άνθρωπος της Βενεζουέλας, έχοντας στο τσεπάκι του όλο το τραπεζικό σύστημα της χώρας. Όταν ανέλαβε την εξουσία ο Κάστρο ζήτησε από τον συμπατριώτη του Matos χρήματα για να διασωθεί η καταρρέουσα οικονομία της χώρας. Ο μεγαλοτραπεζίτης αρνήθηκε και ο Κάστρο τον ταπείνωσε, φυλακίζοντας τον για ένα μικρό διάστημα και αναγκάζοντάς τον να παρελάσει ανάμεσα στο πλήθος στους κεντρικούς δρόμους του Καράκας. Λίγο καιρό μετά, ο Matos ξεκίνησε ένα ισχυρό κίνημα για να ανατρέψει τον μισητό Κάστρο.

Σε όλη τη διάρκεια είχε την αμέριστη οικονομική και στρατιωτική βοήθεια από τους Ευρωπαίους. Το 1901, ξεκίνησε από την Αμβέρσα «βοήθεια» με το πλοίο Ban Righ που ήταν φορτωμένο με… πυρομαχικά. Η χρηματοδότηση της επανάστασης πραγματοποιούνταν μέσω μεταφοράς χρημάτων του αμερικανικού κολοσσού New York & Bermúdez Company.

Η αμερικανική εταιρεία θησαύριζε από την εκμετάλλευση της μεγαλύτερης λίμνης με πίσσα στον κόσμο που βρίσκεται στη Βενεζουέλα, παράγοντας άσφαλτο. Ήθελε, λοιπόν, επειγόντως να εξουδετερώσει τον εχθρικό Κάστρο. Οι δε Βρετανοί παρείχαν καταφύγιο στους επαναστάτες όταν στριμώχνονταν μέσω της γειτονικής αποικίας Τρινιδάδ. Μετά από λίγο καιρό ο Κάστρο πληροφορήθηκε ότι την επανάσταση στήριξε και η γαλλική εταιρεία επικοινωνιών French Cable Company.

Ο Matos, όμως, δίχως να διαθέτει ερείσματα στον λαό της χώρας και έχοντας απέναντί του έναν εξαιρετικά ικανό στρατιωτικά αντίπαλο δεν κατάφερε τον σκοπό του. Ακριβώς σε εκείνο το σημείο παρενέβησαν οι Ευρωπαίοι, αξιώνοντας από την κυβέρνηση της Βενεζουέλας να τους αποπληρώσει τα καθυστερημένα χρέη των προηγούμενων δεκαετιών. Δίχως ακόμα να το γνωρίζει ο Κάστρο, οι Δυτικοί είχαν δημιουργήσει ένα χάος στην πολύπαθη Βενεζουέλα τα προηγούμενα χρόνια, χρηματοδοτώντας μια εξέγερση. Στη συνέχεια θα διεκδικούσαν αποζημιώσεις και αποπληρωμή χρεών από το ίδιο κράτος! Η διπλωματία της κανονιοφόρου μπήκε σε εφαρμογή, και οι μηχανές την ισχυρών θωρηκτών άναψαν.

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