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El Manifiesto "Última llamada"

Esto es más que una crisis económica y de régimen: es una crisis de civilización

Los ciudadanos y ciudadanas europeos, en su gran mayoría, asumen la idea de que la sociedad de consumo actual puede “mejorar” hacia el futuro (y que debería hacerlo). Mientras tanto, buena parte de los habitantes del planeta esperan ir acercándose a nuestros niveles de bienestar material. Sin embargo, el nivel de producción y consumo se ha conseguido a costa de agotar los recursos naturales y energéticos, y romper los equilibrios ecológicos de la Tierra.

Nada de esto es nuevo. Las investigadoras y los científicos más lúcidos llevan dándonos fundadas señales de alarma desde principios de los años setenta del siglo XX: de proseguir con las tendencias de crecimiento vigentes (económico, demográfico, en el uso de recursos, generación de contaminantes e incremento de desigualdades) el resultado más probable para el siglo XXI es un colapso civilizatorio.

Hoy se acumulan las noticias que indican que la vía del crecimiento es ya un genocidio a cámara lenta. El declive en la disponibilidad de energía barata, los escenarios catastróficos del cambio climático y las tensiones geopolíticas por los recursos muestran que las tendencias de progreso del pasado se están quebrando.

Frente a este desafío no bastan los mantras cosméticos del desarrollo sostenible, ni la mera apuesta por tecnologías ecoeficientes, ni una supuesta “economía verde” que encubre la mercantilización generalizada de bienes naturales y servicios ecosistémicos. Las soluciones tecnológicas, tanto a la crisis ambiental como al declive energético, son insuficientes. Además, la crisis ecológica no es un tema parcial sino que determina todos los aspectos de la sociedad: alimentación, transporte, industria, urbanización, conflictos bélicos… Se trata, en definitiva, de la base de nuestra economía y de nuestras vidas.

Estamos atrapados en la dinámica perversa de una civilización que si no crece no funciona, y si crece destruye las bases naturales que la hacen posible. Nuestra cultura, tecnólatra y mercadólatra, olvida que somos, de raíz, dependientes de los ecosistemas e interdependientes.

La sociedad productivista y consumista no puede ser sustentada por el planeta. Necesitamos construir una nueva civilización capaz de asegurar una vida digna a una enorme población humana (hoy más de 7.200 millones), aún creciente, que habita un mundo de recursos menguantes. Para ello van a ser necesarios cambios radicales en los modos de vida, las formas de producción, el diseño de las ciudades y la organización territorial: y sobre todo en los valores que guían todo lo anterior. Necesitamos una sociedad que tenga como objetivo recuperar el equilibrio con la biosfera, y utilice la investigación, la tecnología, la cultura, la economía y la política para avanzar hacia ese fin. Necesitaremos para ello toda la imaginación política, generosidad moral y creatividad técnica que logremos desplegar.

Pero esta Gran Transformación se topa con dos obstáculos titánicos: la inercia del modo de vida capitalista y los intereses de los grupos privilegiados. Para evitar el caos y la barbarie hacia donde hoy estamos dirigiéndonos, necesitamos una ruptura política profunda con la hegemonía vigente, y una economía que tenga como fin la satisfacción de necesidades sociales dentro de los límites que impone la biosfera, y no el incremento del beneficio privado.

Por suerte, cada vez más gente está reaccionando ante los intentos de las elites de hacerles pagar los platos rotos. Hoy, en el Estado español, el despertar de dignidad y democracia que supuso el 15M (desde la primavera de 2011) está gestando un proceso constituyente que abre posibilidades para otras formas de organización social.

Sin embargo, es fundamental que los proyectos alternativos tomen conciencia de las implicaciones que suponen los límites del crecimiento y diseñen propuestas de cambio mucho más audaces. La crisis de régimen y la crisis económica sólo se podrán superar si al mismo tiempo se supera la crisis ecológica. En este sentido, no bastan políticas que vuelvan a las recetas del capitalismo keynesiano. Estas políticas nos llevaron, en los decenios que siguieron a la segunda guerra mundial, a un ciclo de expansión que nos colocó en el umbral de los límites del planeta. Un nuevo ciclo de expansión es inviable: no hay base material, ni espacio ecológico y recursos naturales que pudieran sustentarlo.

El siglo XXI será el siglo más decisivo de la historia de la humanidad. Supondrá una gran prueba para todas las culturas y sociedades, y para la especie en su conjunto. Una prueba donde se dirimirá nuestra continuidad en la Tierra y la posibilidad de llamar “humana” a la vida que seamos capaces de organizar después. Tenemos ante nosotros el reto de una transformación de calibre análogo al de grandes acontecimientos históricos como la revolución neolítica o la revolución industrial.

Atención: la ventana de oportunidad se está cerrando. Es cierto que hay muchos movimientos de resistencia alrededor del mundo en pro de la justicia ambiental (la organización Global Witness ha registrado casi mil ambientalistas muertos sólo en los últimos diez años, en sus luchas contra proyectos mineros o petroleros, defendiendo sus tierras y sus aguas). Pero a lo sumo tenemos un lustro para asentar un debate amplio y transversal sobre los límites del crecimiento, y para construir democráticamente alternativas ecológicas y energéticas que sean a la vez rigurosas y viables. Deberíamos ser capaces de ganar grandes mayorías para un cambio de modelo económico, energético, social y cultural. Además de combatir las injusticias originadas por el ejercicio de la dominación y la acumulación de riqueza, hablamos de un modelo que asuma la realidad, haga las paces con la naturaleza y posibilite la vida buena dentro de los límites ecológicos de la Tierra.

Una civilización se acaba y hemos de construir otra nueva. Las consecuencias de no hacer nada —o hacer demasiado poco— nos llevan directamente al colapso social, económico y ecológico. Pero si empezamos hoy, todavía podemos ser las y los protagonistas de una sociedad solidaria, democrática y en paz con el planeta.

En diversos lugares de la Península Ibérica, Baleares, Canarias, Ceuta y Melilla, y en el verano de 2014

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