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O Manifesto "Derradeira chamada"

Isto é máis que unha crise económica e de réxime: é unha crise de civilización

Os cidadáns e cidadás europeos, na súa gran maioría, asumen a idea de que a sociedade de consumo actual pode “mellorar” cara ao futuro (e que debería facelo). Mentres tanto, boa parte dos habitantes do planeta esperan ir achegándose aos nosos niveis de benestar material. Con todo, o nivel de produción e consumo conseguiuse á custa de esgotarmos os recursos naturais e enerxéticos, e rompermos os equilibrios ecolóxicos da Terra.

Nada disto é novo. As investigadoras e os científicos máis lúcidos levan dándonos fundados sinais de alarma desde principios dos anos setenta do século XX: de proseguirmoa coas tendencias de crecemento vixentes (económico, demográfico, no uso de recursos, xeración de contaminantes e incremento de desigualdades) o resultado máis probábel para o século XXI é un colapso civilizatorio.

Hoxe acumúlanse as noticias que indican que a vía do crecemento é xa un xenocidio a cámara lenta. O declive na dispoñibilidade de enerxía barata, os escenarios catastróficos da mudanza climática e as tensións xeopolíticas polos recursos mostran que as tendencias de progreso do pasado están a crebarse.

Fronte a este desafío non abondan os mantras cosméticos do desenvolvemento sustentábel, nin a mera aposta por tecnoloxías ecoeficientes, nin unha suposta “economía verde” que encobre a mercantilización xeralizada de bens naturais e servizos ecosistémicos. As solucións tecnolóxicas, tanto á crise ambiental como ao declinio enerxético, son insuficientes. Alén diso, a crise ecolóxica non é un tema parcial senón que determina todos os aspectos da sociedade: alimentación, transporte, industria, urbanización, conflitos bélicos,… Trátase, en definitiva, da base da nosa economía e das nosas vidas.

Estamos atrapados na dinámica perversa dunha civilización que se non crece non funciona, e se crece destrúe as bases naturais que a tornan posíbel. A nosa cultura, tecnólatra e mercadólatra, esquece que somos, de raíz, dependentes dos ecosistemas e interdependentes.

A sociedade produtivista e consumista non pode ser sustentada polo planeta. Necesitamos construír unha nova civilización capaz de asegurar unha vida digna a unha enorme poboación humana (hoxe máis de 7.200 millóns), aínda crecente, que habita un mundo de recursos menguantes. Para iso van ser necesarias mudanzas radicais nos modos de vida, as formas de produción, o deseño das cidades e a organización territorial: e sobre todo nos valores que guían todo o anterior. Necesitamos unha sociedade que teña como obxectivo recuperar o equilibrio coa biosfera, e utilice a investigación, a tecnoloxía, a cultura, a economía e a política para avanzar cara a ese fin. Necesitaremos para iso toda a imaxinación política, xenerosidade moral e creatividade técnica que logremos despregar.

Pero esta Gran Transformación atópase con dous obstáculos titánicos: a inercia do modo de vida capitalista e os intereses dos grupos privilexiados. Para evitar o caos e a barbarie cara a onde hoxe estamos a nos dirixir, necesitamos unha ruptura política profunda coa hexemonía vixente, e unha economía que teña como fin a satisfacción de necesidades sociais dentro dos límites que impón a biosfera, e non o incremento do beneficio privado.

Por sorte, cada vez máis xente está a reaccionar ante os intentos das elites de facerlles pagar os pratos rotos. Hoxe, no Estado español, o espertar de dignidade e democracia que supuxo o 15M (desde a primavera de 2011) está a xestar un proceso constituínte que abre posibilidades para outras formas de organización social.

Con todo, é fundamental que os proxectos alternativos tomen conciencia das implicacións que supoñen os límites do crecemento e deseñen propostas de cambio moito máis audaces. A crise de réxime e a crise económica só se poderán superar se ao mesmo tempo se superar a crise ecolóxica. Neste sentido, non chegan políticas que volvan ás receitas do capitalismo keynesiano. Estas políticas leváronnos, nos decenios que seguiron á segunda guerra mundial, a un ciclo de expansión que nos colocou no limiar dos límites do planeta. Un novo ciclo de expansión é inviábel: non hai base material, nin espazo ecolóxico e recursos naturais que o puidesen sustentar.

O século XXI será o século máis decisivo da historia da humanidade. Suporá unha gran proba para todas as culturas e sociedades, e para a especie no seu conxunto. Unha proba onde se dirimirá a nosa continuidade na Terra e a posibilidade de chamarmos “humana” á vida que sexamos capaces de organizar despois. Temos perante nós o reto dunha transformación de calibre análogo ao de grandes acontecementos históricos como a revolución neolítica ou a revolución industrial.

Atención: a xanela de oportunidade está a pecharse. É certo que hai moitos movementos de resistencia ao redor do mundo en prol da xustiza ambiental (a organización Global Witness rexistrou case mil ambientalistas mortos só no últimos dez anos, nas súas loitas contra proxectos mineiros ou petroleiros, defendendo as súas terras e as súas augas). Mais como máximo temos un lustro para asentarmos un debate amplo e transversal sobre os límites do crecemento, e para construírmos democraticamente alternativas ecolóxicas e enerxéticas que sexan á vez rigorosas e viábeis. Deberiamos ser capaces de gañar grandes maiorías para unha mudanza de modelo económico, enerxético, social e cultural. Ademais de combatermos as inxustizas orixinadas polo exercicio da dominación e a acumulación de riqueza, falamos dun modelo que asuma a realidade, faga as paces coa natureza e posibilite a vida boa dentro dos límites ecolóxicos da Terra.

Unha civilización acábase e habemos de construír outra nova. As consecuencias de non facermos nada —ou facermos demasiado pouco— lévannos directamente ao colapso social, económico e ecolóxico. Mais se empezamos hoxe, aínda podemos ser as e os protagonistas dunha sociedade solidaria, democrática e en paz co planeta.

En diversos lugares da Península Ibérica, Baleares, Canarias, Ceuta e Melilla, e no verán de 2014

Tradución de Xosé Veiras

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