Part 1 Progressives in Latin America have witnessed a string of political defeats in the past three years after governing for over a decade and openly challenging United States hegemony within the region. Most recently, in 2015 businessman Mauricio Macri won the presidential elections in Argentina, and a year after Brazilian legislators successfully impeached elected President Dilma Rousseff. The expected shifts in economic and foreign policy took place. Argentina and Brazil embraced neoliberal and diplomatic orthodoxy in the form of financial and economic liberalization, austerity measures, labor reforms rejected by workers, and improved relations with the United States and international financial institutions. Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador remained an obstacle in the U.S.’ quest to regain control in the region. However, since Lenin Moreno was elected president in 2017, his departure from his successor's Citizens Revolution political platform sparked