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Ο φασισμός δεν είναι ιδεολογία, αλλά πολιτική πρακτική

Ο φασισμός είναι παιδί του καπιταλισμού και αδελφός του νεοσυντηρητισμού όσο και του νεοφιλελευθερισμού. Επί της ουσίας φασίστες, νεοσυντηρητικοί και νεοφιλελεύθεροι, έχουν παραπλήσιες αντιλήψεις για την κοινωνία, όσο και αν επιφανειακά διαφέρουν. Θέλουν μια ζούγκλα, όπου οι αδύναμοι καλώς μένουν απροστάτευτοι και οι ισχυρότεροι δίκαια τα παίρνουν όλα. Όλοι τους συμμερίζονται τη θεώρηση του κοινωνικού δαρβινισμού.

του Σπύρου Μαρκέτου

Μέρος 3ο - Μεταφορά πόρων από τους πολλούς στους λίγους - Ο φασισμός επιδιώκει να συγκροτήσει μαζική βάση

Τις κύριες εκδοχές του φασισμού εξέτασε συγκριτικά ο φιλελεύθερος αμερικανός ιστορικός Ρόμπερτ Πάξτον, προσπαθώντας αρκετά διαλεκτικά να δει «τον φασισμό σε δράση», ως μια σειρά διαδικασιών που εκτυλίσσονται ιστορικά.

Ο Πάξτον παρακολουθεί τις πρωτεϊκές μεταλλάξεις των φασιστών καθώς αυτοί προσαρμόζονται – ή αποτυχαίνουν να προσαρμοστούν – για να καταλάβουν τον διαθέσιμο πολιτικό χώρο.

Τονίζει πως ο φασισμός δεν είναι ιδεολογία, αλλά πολιτική πρακτική που τροποποιεί ή παραβιάζει κατά βούληση τις ιδέες τις οποίες επαγγέλλεται.

Από τα μοτίβα της παρακμής, της ταπείνωσης ή της θυματοποίησης της εθνικής κοινότητας παράγει μια αντισταθμιστική λατρεία της ενότητας, της ρώμης και της καθαρότητας. Στα φασιστικά καθεστώτα ένα μαζικό κόμμα με βάση στρατευμένους εθνικιστές, σε συνεργασία με παραδοσιακές ελίτ, καταλύει τις δημοκρατικές ελευθερίες και προωθεί, χρησιμοποιώντας βία δίχως ηθικούς ή νομικούς φραγμούς, στόχους εσωτερικής εκκαθάρισης, αλλά κι εξωτερικής επέκτασης.

Συμπερασματικά, ο φασισμός είναι κομάτι της άκρας δεξιάς και όχι χωριστός πολιτικός χώρος. Οι φασίστες προωθούν το ίδιο κοινωνικό και πολιτικό πρόγραμμα που προωθεί και η υπόλοιπη άκρα δεξιά, μολονότι χρησιμοποιούν διαφορετικές πρακτικές στήνοντας μαζικό κίνημα και δοξολογώντας τη βία.

Όλοι αυτοί μαζί επιδιώκουν τη μαζική και συστηματική μεταφορά πόρων και εξουσίας από τους πολλούς στους λίγους, από τους αδύναμους στους δυνατούς, από τους φτωχούς στους πλούσιους.

Συνοπτικά, παίρνουν από τους προλετάριους και τους μικροαστούς για να δώσουν στους καπιταλιστές, ή αλλιώς στο 1%, ή στους ολιγάρχες. Κάθε τέτοια πολιτική απαλλοτριωτικής συσσώρευσης, εξ ορισμού και αυτονόητα ακροδεξιά, δεν αρπάζει απλώς πόρους, αλλά και ανατρέπει τους συσχετισμούς δυνάμεων σε βάρος των λαών, σφυροκοπώντας τις δημοκρατικές κατακτήσεις που απέσπασαν παλεύοντας από την εποχή της Γαλλικής Επανάστασης τα μαζικά κινήματα και οι πολιτικές οργανώσεις.

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