Βενεζουέλα: Διαβολική επανάληψη της ιστορίας 120 χρόνια μετά

Ως «αδιόρθωτο» και «απαίσιο» περιγράφουν οι New York Times, η New York Herald και το Associated Press τον ηγέτη της Βενεζουέλας. Ο τελευταίος «απεχθάνεται τις πιο ιερές αξίες των πολιτισμένων εθνών», γράφουν τα δυτικά ΜΜΕ που υποστηρίζουν τον φιλελεύθερο «επαναστάτη», ο οποίος προσπαθεί να εξουδετερώσει τον «τύραννο». Ο τελευταίος είναι ο πλέον μισητός στον δυτικό κόσμο, το κράτος του, αν και πλούσιο σε πόρους, είναι υπερχρεωμένο, η διακυβέρνηση της χώρας διεκδικείται από έναν επαναστάτη που έχει συγκεντρώσει έναν στρατό και βαδίζει προς το Καράκας.

Βαγγέλης Γεωργίου

Μέρος 4ο - Οι Ευρωπαίοι εξοργίζονται και βομβαρδίζουν

Οι Βρετανοί ήθελαν διακαώς την πλούσια σε κοιτάσματα χρυσού περιοχή Guiana. Ήθελαν να κλειδώσουν την ελεύθερη ναυσιπλοΐα στον ποταμό Ορινόκο που θα αναδείκνυε το Τρινιδάδ ως μεγάλη αποθήκη για τα προϊόντα που θα προωθούσαν στην αγορά της Βενεζουέλας, της Κολομβίας και της βόρειας Βραζιλίας. Θα διασφάλιζαν την κατάργηση του πρόσθετου φόρου 30% στα προϊόντα που εισάγονταν από τις βρετανικές και ολλανδικές Αντίλλες. Οι Ολλανδοί ήθελαν τα ίδια.

Τα γαλλικά και γερμανικά συμφέροντα ήταν κυρίως οικονομικής φύσεως, αποσκοπώντας στην αποπληρωμή των χρεών στις εταιρείες που δραστηριοποιούνταν στη Βενεζουέλα. Οι δε Αμερικανικοί επικεντρώνονταν στην παραγωγή ασφάλτου και στο εμπόριο, αν και υποθέσεις τους είχαν πάνω-κάτω διευθετηθεί με την αμερικανο-βενεζουελανή διαιτησία του 1885.

Είναι γεγονός ότι καμία δύναμη δεν έδωσε προτεραιότητα στο εξωτερικό χρέος της Βενεζουέλας. Απλά ήθελαν να τιμωρήσουν τον πρόεδρο μιας χώρας που δεν διέθετε σε καμία περίπτωση τις ναυτικές δυνάμεις να αντισταθεί στις διπλωματικές τους απαιτήσεις. Ακόμα και όταν ο Κάστρο προθυμοποιήθηκε να ικανοποιήσει σοβαρό μέρος των αιτημάτων τους οι Ευρωπαίοι έμειναν ανικανοποίητοι. Ήθελαν να παρέμβουν άμεσα στα εσωτερικά της χώρας.

Ο Κάστρο γνώριζε ότι ο στόλος του δεν μπορούσε σε καμία περίπτωση να νικήσει τον ενωμένο στόλο των Ευρωπαίων, ενώ στο εσωτερικό της χώρας δεν είχε ακόμα απομακρυνθεί ο κίνδυνος των ανταρτών. Τα λιμάνια La Guayra και Puerto Cabello που ήταν εξαιρετικά σημαντικά για τα έσοδα της κυβέρνησης ήταν εκτεθειμένα στον στόλο των εισβολέων. Γι’ αυτό και αναγκάστηκε να ζητήσει τη διαμεσολάβηση των ΗΠΑ.

Ο Κάστρο πρότεινε σαν συμβιβαστική λύση να αναλάβει η Βενεζουέλα να δώσει αποζημιώσεις μόνο για τις καταστροφές που υπέστησαν οι Ευρωπαίοι στον εμφύλιο του 1898. Εξάλλου δεν άντεχε ο κρατικός προϋπολογισμός κάτι περισσότερο. Ήταν μια πρόταση που οι Μεγάλες Δυνάμεις την επεξεργάστηκαν με κανονιές!

Τον Ιανουάριο του 1903, οι Γερμανοί επιχείρησαν να εισέλθουν στη λίμνη Maracaibo, αλλά το παράκτιο οχυρό Fort San Carlos άνοιξε πυρ, καταστρέφοντας ένα γερμανικό πλοίο. Οι εξοργισμένοι Γερμανοί ύστερα από λίγες ώρες στείλανε ένα πολύ ισχυρότερο πλοίο που κατέστρεψε το οχυρό, το οποίο ήταν κατασκευασμένο τις αρχές του 17ου αιώνα. Αυτό όμως που προκάλεσε τη διεθνή κατακραυγή ήταν ο βομβαρδισμός και της παρακείμενης πόλης, όπου βρήκαν τον θάνατο 25 άμαχοι. Οι Γερμανοί δικαιολογήθηκαν ότι οι «Βενεζουελάνοι έριξαν πρώτοι».

Αντίθετα όμως με σήμερα, την περίοδο εκείνη ο βρετανικός και αμερικανικός Τύπος μόλις βγήκε στην επιφάνεια η μυστική συμφωνία Μεγάλης Βρετανίας και Γερμανίας για τον αποκλεισμό της Βενεζουέλας, εξοργίστηκε.

Στη Βρετανία η κοινή γνώμη θεωρούσε απαράδεκτο και περιττό να συμμαχεί η κυβέρνηση με τη μισητή Γερμανία για τη συλλογή κάποιων ασήμαντων χρεών στη μακρινή Βενεζουέλα. Στις ΗΠΑ ο κόσμος ξεσηκώθηκε όταν άρχισαν να πέφτουν οι πρώτες κανονιές από τον αγγλογερμανικό στόλο εναντίον των φρουρίων της Βενεζουέλας.

Πηγή:

https://slpress.gr/idees/venezoyela-diavoliki-epanalipsi-tis-istorias-120-chronia-meta/

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