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Ο σοσιαλισμός δεν είναι πια απαγορευμένη λέξη στις ΗΠΑ

 Αλέξανδρος Ζέρβας

Μέρος 1ο

Πριν από λίγες βδομάδες, ο Μπιλ Γκέιτς, σε συνέντευξη του στο CNBC, διατύπωσε την εκτίμηση ότι η μαζική κι ενθουσιώδης υποστήριξη που παρατηρείται από μεγάλα τμήματα της αμερικάνικης κοινωνίας απέναντι σε «σοσιαλιστικών καταβολών» πολιτικούς, όπως ο Μπέρνι Σάντερς  και η Αλεξάνδρα Οκάσιο-Κορτέζ, δεν θα έπρεπε απαραίτητα να προκαλεί πολύ έντονη ανησυχία στις οικονομικές ελίτ.

Ανέφερε δε,  κατά τη δική του οπτική, ότι ο εν λόγω «σοσιαλισμός» έδειχνε απλά πως υπάρχουν αρκετοί Αμερικάνοι που θέλουν φορολόγηση  του μεγάλου πλούτου, χωρίς να σημαίνει αυτό πως επιθυμούν και την κατάργηση του καπιταλισμού. Σημείωνε δε πως ακόμη κι ο ίδιος, ο δεύτερος πλουσιότερος άνθρωπος στις ΗΠΑ, θα έβλεπε θετικά την προοδευτική μεταρρύθμιση του φόρου εισοδήματος (σε δικαιότερη βάση) αλλά και την αύξηση του φόρου μεγάλης κληρονομίας (τον οποίο ειρήσθω εν παρόδω η κυβέρνηση Τραμπ έχει μειώσει σε μηδενικά επίπεδα).

Από τη μεριά του, ο τρίτος πλουσιότερος άνθρωπος στις ΗΠΑ, ο Γουόρεν Μπάφετ, έχει κατ’ επανάληψη ασκήσει εντονότατη κριτική στις ανισότητες που παράγει το αμερικάνικο φορολογικό σύστημα, βάσει του οποίου ο ίδιος έχει φτάσει στο σημείο να πληρώνει αναλογικά μικρότερο φόρο από την οικιακή του βοηθό ή τη ρεσεψιονίστ του.

Σύμφωνα με τη Monde Dipomatique, η συγκεκριμένη φαινομενική «διαταραχή συνείδησης» εκ μέρους του εύπορου κόσμου μπορεί να μη φαντάζει σε πολλούς ως κάτι το καινούργιο, έχει όμως αξιοσημείωτα διαφορετικά χαρακτηριστικά της παραδοσιακά χαρακτηριστικά της χριστιανικής φιλανθρωπίας. Κι αυτό γιατί εμπεριέχει ένα είδος πραγματικής ανησυχίας που ενυπάρχει μεταξύ ενός τμήματος των υπερ-πλουσίων των ΗΠΑ για τα επίχειρα των κοινωνικών ανισοτήτων στη χώρα.

Παράλληλα όμως σύμφωνα με το άρθρο, οι εν λόγω δηλώσεις φέρνουν στην επιφάνεια όχι μόνο μια εκδήλωση καλών προθέσεων αλλά και ένα πιο ριζοσπαστικό πολιτικό πλαίσιο. Κι αυτό γιατί πολιτικοί όπως ο Σάντερς, η Οκάσιο-Κορτέζ, αλλά και οι πολιτικοί σύμμαχοί τους, που αυτοπροσδιορίζονται ως «δημοκρατικοί σοσιαλιστές», δεν αναλώνονται σε παραδοσιακά αιτήματα, όπως η εθνικοποίηση των βασικών τομέων της αμερικανικής οικονομίας. Αντίθετα, η μεγάλη αποδοχή που συνάντησε η καμπάνια του Σάντερς στις προκριματικές για το χρίσμα των Δημοκρατικών στις προεδρικές του 2016, είχε κυρίως να κάνει με την έντονη κριτική  που άσκησε στα υπέρογκα δίδακτρα των αμερικάνικων πανεπιστημίων, αλλά το αστρονομικό κόστος της υγειονομικής περίθαλψης. Κι αν το ύψος των διδάκτρων αποτελεί  μόνιμη πηγή άγχους για τα μεσαία  αλλά και τα ανώτερα μεσαία στρώματα, το εξωφρενικό κόστος της υγειονομικής περίθαλψης στην πραγματικότητα αφορά τους πάντες εκτός από τους πιο πλούσιους.

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