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Τι είναι και τι φέρνει η CETA

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Οι Ευρωβουλευτές υιοθέτησαν την περασμένη Τετάρτη την συμφωνία ελεύθερων συναλλαγών μεταξύ της ΕΕ και του Καναδά. Θα είναι εφαρμοστέα κατά 90 % από τις αρχές Μαρτίου. Απομένει ωστόσο να κυρωθεί το κείμενο από τα εθνικά κοινοβούλια, ενώ κάποιες επιφυλάξεις παραμένουν, κυρίως αναφορικά με τα διαιτητικά δικαστήρια.

Το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο επικύρωσε την Τετάρτη την συμφωνία ελεύθερου εμπορίου ΕΕ-Καναδά ή CETA, με ευρεία πλειοψηφία, 408 ψήφων υπέρ, 254 κατά και 33 αποχών. Η δεξιά, οι φιλελεύθεροι και οι περισσότεροι σοσιαλιστές ψήφισαν υπέρ του κειμένου, ενώ οι Πράσινοι, η αριστερά, η άκρα δεξιά και ορισμένοι σοσιαλιστές εξέφρασαν την αντίθεσή τους.

Θεωρούμενη από τους αντιτασσόμενους ως «ο Δούρειος Ίππος των Η.Π.Α.», αυτός ο τόμος των 2.344 σελίδων προβλέπει αύξηση των εμπορικών συναλλαγών μεταξύ της ΕΕ και του Καναδά μέσω μείωσης των δασμών και απλοποίησης των διαδικασιών.

Η συμφωνία, η οποία υπήρξε αντικείμενο έντονης διαπραγμάτευσης για επτά χρόνια μεταξύ της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής και της Οττάβας, αναμένεται να τεθεί σε "προσωρινή" εφαρμογή από την 1η Μαρτίου. Μόνο οι πιο αμφιλεγόμενες διατάξεις, όπως το σύστημα επίλυσης συγκρούσεων επί θεμάτων επενδύσεων δεν πρόκειται να εφαρμοστούν προς στιγμήν.

Εφεξής, το κείμενο πρέπει να έρθει ενώπιον των 38 περιφερειακών ή εθνικών κοινοβουλίων. Μια διαδικασία που θα μπορούσε να διαρκέσει χρόνια.

Πολυάριθμες οι αντιρρήσεις που εγείρονται για την CETA, όπως στην Αυστρία, την Ολλανδία ή τη Γαλλία. Και ουδείς γνωρίζει τι θα συμβεί εάν ένα ή περισσότερα ευρωπαϊκά κράτη συνέβαινε να μην επικυρώσουν την συμφωνία. Δεν υπάρχει καμία διάταξη στη Συνθήκη για αυτό.

Σύμφωνα με την Marianne Dony, Πρόεδρο του Ινστιτούτου Ευρωπαϊκών Σπουδών του Ελευθέρου Πανεπιστημίου των Βρυξελλών, η οποία ερωτήθηκε από την εφημερίδα Libération, «έστω και ένα μόνο κράτος να λείψει από το προσκλητήριο, η Συνθήκη δεν θα μπορέσει να τεθεί σε ισχύ και τούτο, για το σύνολό της, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των μερών που εμπίπτουν στην αρμοδιότητα της Ένωσης.»

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