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Πόσα κέρδισε η Γερμανία από την κρίση

Σύμφωνα με έκθεση της Bundesbank, η Γερμανία στα χρόνια της κρίσης κέρδισε περίπου 290 δισ. ευρώ, καθώς χάρη στα χαμηλά επιτόκια κατέβαλε πολύ λιγότερα χρήματα από τα προβλεπόμενα για την εξυπηρέτηση του χρέους της.

Όπως σημειώνει η γερμανική εφημρίδα Handelsblatt, πρόσφατη έρευνα υποστήριζε πως κατά τη διάρκεια της οικονομικής κρίσης, «οι περιουσίες των Γερμανών συρρικνώθηκαν αισθητά: μόνον το 2017 κατά 38 δις ευρώ όπως κατέδειξε πρόσφατη έρευνα». Πρόκειται όμως μόνον για τη μισή αλήθεια, τονίζει και επικαλούμενη τους υπολογισμούς της γερμανικής Bundesbank, συνεχίζει:

«Διότι τα τελευταία δέκα χρόνια η Γερμανία κατέβαλε πολύ λιγότερα για την εξυπηρέτηση του χρέους της απ΄ ότι παλαιότερα. Από το 2008 συγκεκριμένα, το γερμανικό δημόσιο εξοικονόμησε συνολικά 290 δις ευρώ σε τόκους. Μόνον το 2017 η ομοσπονδία, τα κρατίδια, οι δήμοι και τα ασφαλιστικά ταμεία πλήρωσαν 50 δις ευρώ λιγότερα επιτόκια σε σύγκριση με την εποχή προ κρίσης».

Όπως γράφει η Deutsche Welle, για την ανάλυσή της αυτή η Ομοσπονδιακή Τράπεζα συνέκρινε το επίπεδο των επιτοκίων του 2007, τη χρονιά δηλαδή πριν ξεσπάσει η οικονομική κρίση, με τα εκάστοτε επίπεδα των χρόνων που ακολούθησαν. Ενώ η Γερμανία δανείζονταν το 2007 με επιτόκια μέσης απόδοσης 4,23%, έφτασε να δανείζεται το 2017 έναντι επιτοκίων μόλις 1,86%.

Η συνεχής πτώση των επιτοκίων δανεισμού είχε φυσικά ως αποτέλεσμα το γερμανικό δημόσιο να καταβάλει όλο και λιγότερα χρήματα για την εξυπηρέτηση του χρέους. Ενώ για παράδειγμα η ομοσπονδία κατέβαλε το 2008 40,2 δις ευρώ σε τόκους, το 2016 πλήρωσε μόλις 17,5 δις ευρώ, λιγότερα δηλαδή από τα μισά.

Η τεράστια αυτή εξοικονόμηση ωφελεί φυσικά και τους Γερμανούς φορολογούμενους και αποταμιευτές, επισημαίνει η Handelsblatt. Διότι τα χρήματα στους προϋπολογισμούς της κεντρικής κυβέρνησης, των κρατιδίων και των δήμων και κοινοτήτων που έπρεπε να καταβληθούν παλαιότερα για την αποπληρωμή επιτοκίων μπορούν να επενδύονται, για παράδειγμα, στην εκπαίδευση ή στις υποδομές. Ή και για τη μείωση της φορολογίας την οποία διαπραγματεύονται τα δυο μεγάλα κόμματα στις εν εξελίξει διερευνητικές.

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