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Ο φασισμός δεν είναι ιδεολογία, αλλά πολιτική πρακτική

Ο φασισμός είναι παιδί του καπιταλισμού και αδελφός του νεοσυντηρητισμού όσο και του νεοφιλελευθερισμού. Επί της ουσίας φασίστες, νεοσυντηρητικοί και νεοφιλελεύθεροι, έχουν παραπλήσιες αντιλήψεις για την κοινωνία, όσο και αν επιφανειακά διαφέρουν. Θέλουν μια ζούγκλα, όπου οι αδύναμοι καλώς μένουν απροστάτευτοι και οι ισχυρότεροι δίκαια τα παίρνουν όλα. Όλοι τους συμμερίζονται τη θεώρηση του κοινωνικού δαρβινισμού.

του Σπύρου Μαρκέτου

Μέρος 4ο - Τι είναι και τι σημαίνει απαλλοτριωτική συσσώρευση

Τι είναι η απαλλοτριωτική συσσώρευση;

Σε αδρές γραμμές πρόκειται για μια διαδικασία ταχύρρυθμης συσσώρευσης κεφαλαίου, συχνή στις ιστορικές απαρχές του καπιταλιστικού συστήματος, αλλά και μέχρι σήμερα στην περιφέρειά του.

Συμπεριλαμβάνει την έννοια της πρωταρχικής συσσώρευσης, την οποία ανίχνευσε ο Μαρξ στην αφετηρία των καπιταλιστικών κοινωνικών σχηματισμών. Πώς φτιάχνονται ιστορικά, ρώτησε, από τη μια μεριά οι καπιταλιστές και από την άλλη οι προλετάριοι; Πώς δημιουργείται η ταξική σχέση του κεφαλαίου; Πώς μπορεί ο καπιταλιστής να διαθέτει αρκετό κεφάλαιο για ν’ αγοράζει μέσα παραγωγής και μαζί την εργασία των προλετάριων, οι οποίοι αναγκάζονται να τού πουλούν την εργασία τους;

Με μέσα όπως η κατάχτηση, η υποδούλωση, ο φόνος μετά ληστείας, με δυό λόγια με τη βία, απαντούν τρία περίφημα κεφάλαια στον πρώτο τόμο του Κεφαλαίου.

Στο πλαίσιο της απαλλοτριωτικής συσσώρευσης, ο καπιταλισμός αρπάζει μαζικά ή καταστρέφει πόρους που προηγουμένως ήταν ελεύθεροι ή μπορούσαν να τους χρησιμοποιούν (και) οι εργαζόμενοι.

Έτσι ανοίγει δρόμο για έναν νέο κύκλο συσσώρευσης κεφαλαίου κι επομένως μπορεί να επιβιώσει, ν’ αναπαραχθεί και να εξαπλωθεί.

Το ιστορικό βάθος της έννοιας και τα θεωρητικά προβλήματα που συνδέονται μ’ αυτήν τη διαδικασία παρουσιάζονται με ενάργεια σε έργα όπως του Ντέηβιντ Χάρβεϋ, της Σίλβιας Φεντερίτσι και του Τζωρτζ Καφέντζη. Τα στάδια και οι επιμέρους στοχεύσεις της αναλύονται επίσης από τη σκοπιά του εχθρού, ο οποίος στη δική του γλώσσα σήμερα την ονομάζει «δομική προσαρμογή».

Ένα χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα απαλλοτριωτικής συσσώρευσης ζούμε στην Ελλάδα από το 2010.

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