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Τα ρομπότ θα «κόψουν» πάνω από 5 εκατ. θέσεις εργασίας σε 5 χρόνια

Καθαρή απώλεια 5,1 εκατ. θέσεων εργασίας τα επόμενα πέντε χρόνια σε 15 μεγάλες χώρες προβλέπει ανάλυση που δημοσιοποιήθηκε σήμερα στο Νταβός. Αυτή θα προκύψει από τις αλλαγές που ήδη έχουν έρθει στην αγορά εργασίας ενώ θα αυξηθεί ακόμη περισσότερο από την αυξημένη χρήση των ρομπότ και της τεχνητής νοημοσύνης στην παραγωγή.

Η πρόβλεψη του Παγκόσμιου Οικονομικού Φόρουμ, που αυτή την εβδομάδα πραγματοποιεί την ετήσια συνάντησή του στο ελβετικό θέρετρο, αφορά συνολική απώλεια 7,1 εκατ. θέσεων, η οποία θα αντισταθμιστεί από τη δημιουργία δύο εκατ. νέων θέσεων.

Οι 15 οικονομίες που καλύπτει η έρευνα αντιστοιχούν περίπου στο 65% του παγκόσμιου εργατικού δυναμικού.

Η αξιολόγηση υπογραμμίζει τις προκλήσεις που δημιουργούν οι σύγχρονες τεχνολογίες που αυτοματοποιούν και καθιστούν περιττές πολλές ανθρώπινες εργασίες από την μεταποίηση έως την παροχή υπηρεσιών υγειονομικής περίθαλψης.

Σημειώνεται ότι η Διεθνής Οργάνωση Εργασίας, ήδη προβλέπει αύξηση στην παγκόσμια ανεργία των 11 εκατ. έως το 2020.

Τα δύο τρίτα των εκτιμώμενων απωλειών αναμένονται στους κλάδους εργασίας γραφείου και διοικητικών υπηρεσιών καθώς έξυπνα μηχανήματα θα αναλάβουν περισσότερες εργασίες ρουτίνας, σύμφωνα με τα τελευταία ευρήματα που βασίζονται σε παγκόσμια έρευνα ανάμεσα σε διοικητικά στελέχη στους τομείς προσωπικού και στρατηγικής.

Το Παγκόσμιο Οικονομικό Φόρουμ έχει καταστήσει «την τέταρτη βιομηχανική επανάσταση» - θέμα που καλύπτει τη ρομποτική, την νανοτεχνολογία, την τρισδιάστατη εκτύπωση και τη βιοτεχνολογία - το επίσημο θέμα της φετινής συνάντησης στο Νταβός που θα πραγματοποιηθεί από τις 20 έως τις 23 Ιανουαρίου.

Η έκθεση «Το Μέλλον των Θέσεων Εργασίας» καταλήγει στο συμπέρασμα ότι θέσεις εργασίας θα εκτοπιστούν σε όλες τις βιομηχανίες, αν και ο αντίκτυπος διαφοροποιείται σε σημαντικό βαθμό, με τις μεγαλύτερες απώλειες να αναμένονται στον κλάδο υγειονομικής περίθαλψης αντανακλώντας την αύξηση της τηλεϊατρικής, ενώ ακολουθούν οι τομείς της ενέργειας και των χρηματοπιστωτικών υπηρεσιών. Ωστόσο, θα υπάρχει παράλληλα αυξανόμενη ζήτηση για εργαζομένους με συγκεκριμένες δεξιότητες, όπως αναλυτές δεδομένων και ειδικούς αντιπροσώπους πωλήσεων.

Οι μεγαλύτεροι χαμένοι θα είναι οι γυναίκες καθώς η εργασία τους συχνά εστιάζεται σε τομείς χαμηλής ή επιβραδυνόμενης ανάπτυξης όπως οι πωλήσεις, η εργασία γραφείου και οι διοικητικές υπηρεσίες, ανέφερε η έκθεση. Ενώ οι άνδρες αναμένεται να κερδίσουν σχεδόν μία θέση εργασίας για κάθε τρεις που χάνονται τα επόμενα πέντε χρόνια, οι γυναίκες θα χάσουν περισσότερες από πέντε θέσεις για κάθε μία που κερδίζουν.

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